personality

Question 1. 1. A friend meets your cousin and thinks that he is cute. Later, she asks you what he is like. You tell her that he is warm, happy, optimistic, funny, and high achieving. According to Gordon Allport’s approach, you have described his ________ traits. (Points : 1)

primary

central

secondary

cardinal
Question 2. 2. If you believe that you can perform adequately in a particular situation, Albert Bandura would say that you have a sense of self-efficacy. (Points : 1)

True

False
Question 3. 3. A boy thinks about stealing a candy bar from the store because he is hungry. He is prevented from doing so because of the possible consequences of getting caught, so he decides to go home and eat instead. In Freud’s view, the boy’s ________, operating under the ________, led to his decision to postpone eating until he got home. (Points : 1)

id; pleasure principle

ego; reality principle

id; conscience

reality principle; pleasure principle
Question 4. 4. Cognitive and social-learning theories of personality have been criticized because they (Points : 1)

overlook the importance of rationality.

overlook the importance of emotion.

place too much emphasis on the developmental origins of personality.

place too much emphasis on the impact of unconscious motivation.
Question 5. 5. One of your neighbors can best be described as a slob. He smells because he doesn’t bathe, he leaves every dish he owns sitting in his kitchen sink, and he just throws his garbage into the yard. The Board of Health is contemplating condemning his house. Freud would trace your neighbor’s behavior to (Points : 1)

an unresolved Oedipal complex.

fixation in the anal stage of development.

a strong libido.

his dreams.
Question 6. 6. The Thematic Apperception Test was developed by ________, and over the years it has proven to be a valid measure of ________. (Points : 1)

Harrison Gough; normal personality

Starke Hathaway; clinic psychopathology

J.R. McKinley; achievement motivation

Henry Murray; needs for achievement
Question 7. 7. In Freud’s view, there was a continuing battle between two antagonistic parts of the personality: – the ________ – moderated by a third aspect of the self, the ________. (Points : 1)

id and ego; superego

superego and ego; id

ego and superego; ego

id and superego; ego
Question 8. 8. Which of the following lists of traits could create a description of a person generated by the five-factor model of personality? (Points : 1)

reserved, energetic, assertive, quiet, shy

talkative, sympathetic, organized, stable, creative

anxious, unstable, temperamental, contented, calm

cold, quarrelsome, cruel, sympathetic, affectionate
Question 9. 9. One criticism of Freud’s theory is that it uses a male model as the norm without trying to determine how females might be different. (Points : 1)

True

False
Question 10. 10. In Freud’s theory of personality, which is the correct matching of part and principle? (Points : 1)

id; reality

superego; reality

superego; pleasure

id; pleasure
Question 11. 11. A defendant on trial in the United States says that although he knows he pulled the trigger that killed the victim, he did not know that what he was doing was wrong. Under the guidelines of the McNaughton rule, could the man claim insanity? (Points : 1)

Yes, because he did not know he was doing something wrong.

No, because he knows that he pulled the trigger.

No, because the McNaughton rule does not apply in the United States.

No, because he should have been able to suppress his actions.
Question 12. 12. In their research with dogs that led Seligman and Maier to postulate the concept of learned helplessness, when dogs appeared rigid, listless, and distressed, they were said to be marked by ________ deficits. (Points : 1)

motivational

emotional

cognitive

behavioral
Question 13. 13. When a friend speaks in front of a group, she becomes anxious and nauseated. When asked why she feels this way, she says that she is afraid to embarrass herself in front of others. The approach that best explains your friend’s responses in this situation is the ________ approach. (Points : 1)

psychodynamic

psychopathological

cognitive

sociocultural
Question 14. 14. A relative confides in you that she has recently been diagnosed as suffering from periods of depression alternating with states of mania. Your relative probably has a type of (Points : 1)

mood disorder.

personality disorder.

dissociative disorder.

schizophrenia.
Question 15. 15. A man describes himself as someone who “shoots himself in the foot” and inevitably hinders his own goal-seeking behavior, but he is concerned that he interferes with the goals of family members as well. This man’s behavior may be validly labeled abnormal according to the (Points : 1)

distress or disability criterion of abnormality.

irrationality criterion of abnormality.

maladaptiveness criterion of abnormality.

members of his family.
Question 16. 16. In Aaron Beck’s theory of depression, the “paralysis of will” that is prominent in depression is thought to be most directly the result of (Points : 1)

insufficient positive reinforcement.

an accumulation of punishments.

a negative view of the future.

a loss or other major life change.
Question 17. 17. In many ways it is more difficult to make a psychological diagnosis than a medical one, because (Points : 1)

psychological diagnoses rely on interpretations of a person’s action, whereas medical diagnoses rely on physical evidence.

those who make psychological diagnoses are not as well trained as those who make medical diagnoses.

those who make psychological diagnoses are not as familiar with the symptoms of mental illness as those in the medical profession.

of the greater number of psychological illnesses when compared to medical illnesses.
Question 18. 18. All of the following disorders belong together, EXCEPT for which one? (Points : 1)

panic disorder

dissociative identity disorder

phobic disorder

obsessive-compulsive disorder
Question 19. 19. With respect to the degree of prevalence of symptoms of the various anxiety disorders in the adult population, statistics show that (Points : 1)

anxiety disorders are extremely rare and characteristic symptoms are experienced by few individuals.

about one-quarter of the population has experienced symptoms characteristic of the various anxiety disorders.

more than half of the all adults will experience symptoms of anxiety disorders in their lifetime.

just about all individuals experience severe symptoms characteristic of anxiety disorders in their lifetime.

 

Question 20. 20. A student who missed a class because he was sick has photocopied some class notes, but the top of one page is missing, so he cannot find the name of the disorder. The notes concern a severe form of psychopathology in which personality seems to disintegrate, thought and perception are distorted, and emotions are blunted. The class notes must be related to ________ disorder. (Points : 1)

schizophrenic

personality

bipolar

anxiety

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